Correction and Retracation

Types of Corrections

Corrections may be issued in the following forms:

• Erratum: Correction of errors introduced during the editorial or publication process
• Corrigendum: Correction of errors made by the authors
• Addendum: Additional information or clarification that enhances the original article

Corrections are typically issued when errors affect the clarity, accuracy, or reliability of the published work but do not invalidate the main findings.

Correction Process

Authors, readers, or editors may request a correction by contacting the editorial office. The request must include:

• A clear description of the error
• The location of the error (page, section, table, or figure)
• The proposed correction

The editorial team will review the request and determine whether a correction is necessary. If approved, a correction notice will be published and linked to the original article.

Post-Publication Updates

All corrections will:

• Be clearly identified and documented
• Be linked to the original article
• Maintain transparency in the publication record

The original article will remain accessible, with the correction notice indicating the changes made.

Minor Errors

Minor errors such as typographical or formatting issues that do not affect the meaning or interpretation of the article may not require a formal correction.

Retraction

If errors are found to significantly affect the validity of the research or involve ethical misconduct, the article may be subject to retraction in accordance with the journal’s retraction policy.